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Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was an Ottoman naval officer, Turkish statesman and diplomat. Hüseyin Rauf was born in Istanbul in 1881 to an Abkhazian family. As an officer in the Ottoman Navy, he achieved fame for his actions as the captain of the cruiser ''Hamidiye'' during the First Balkan War.〔''Huseyin Ra'uf Orbey'', W.M. Hale,The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, ed. C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P.Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, (Brill, 1995), 174.〕 He was Chief of Naval Staff during World War I and by October 1918 was Minister of Marine and led the delegation that signed the Armistice of Mudros.〔''Huseyin Ra'uf Orbey'', W.M. Hale,The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, 174.〕 Rauf Orbay also played a role in assisting Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in a near court-martial during a feud with Djemal Pasha and Enver Pasha. On 31 October 1918, he signed Armistice of Mudros as the Minister of Navy, which ended the Ottoman Empire's participation in World War I. When the Turkish War of Independence began, he resigned from his position and went to Ankara to collaborate with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He was elected as a member of the representative committee in the Congress of Erzurum on 23 July 1919. He joined the Congress of Sivas as a delegate for Sivas on 4 September 1919 and was elected deputy chairman. When the War of Independence ended he became the first Prime Minister of the new provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly on 11 August 1922. In 1924, he was one of the founders of the ''Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkasi'' (Progressive Republican Party) at the request of Atatürk as part of Atatürk's attempt to begin the tradition of multiparty democracy in the young Republic, in opposition to Atatürk's Republican People's Party. When this party was closed down in 1925 after Atatürk found that Islamist reactionaries had infiltrated its ranks, Rauf went to exile in Europe for 10 years. Later, he was cleared of all accusations and became a member of the Turkish parliament. During World War II, Rauf Orbay was the Turkish ambassador in London,〔Selim Deringil, ''Turkish Foreign Policy during the Second World War: An 'Active' Neutrality'', (Cambridge University Press, 1989), 206 n48.〕 helping keep Turkey out of the war. He always firmly believed in the Republic of Turkey and always stressed that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the only person who could have organised and lead the transformation of the crumbling Ottoman Empire into modern Turkey. ==Autobiography== *''Cehennem Değirmeni'' ("Windmill of Hell"), Emre Publishing, September 1993〔(Book summaries ) 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rauf Orbay」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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